被動語態
I. 簡單式的被動語態 A. 過去式被動：S+ was/ were+ P.P. B. 現在式被動：S+ am/ is/ are +P.P. C. 未來式被動：S + will be + P.P. |
Ex: Everyone enjoys exciting sports.
= Exciting sports _____________ by everyone.
Ex: They won the game.
= The game ______________ by them.
Ex: My father will fix the car tomorrow.
= The car ______________ by my father tomorrow.
II. 進行式的被動式 D. 過去進行式被動：S + was/ were + being + P. P. E. 現在進行式被動：S + am/is/ are + being + P. P. |
Ex: Rain is playing the piano now.
= The piano ________________ by Rain now.
Ex: My brother was reading a book when I came home.
= A book _________________ by my brother when I came home.
III. 完成式的被動式 F. 過去完成式：had + been + P. P. G. 現在完成式：has/ have + been + P. P. H. 現在完成式：will have + been + P. P. |
Ex: The work_______________ by six yesterday. (do)
Ex: The building ________________ for three years. (build)
Ex: Before you come back next year, the building ___________________. (finish)
IV. 助動詞的被動式 I. must + be + P. P. J. should/ ought to + be + P. P. K. can/ could + be + P. P. L. may/ might + be + P. P. |
Ex: Language must ________________ in meaningful situation. (learn)
Ex: The house should _______________. (paint)
Ex: The dishes can ________________ in half an hour. (wash)
Ex: The work may ________________ tomorrow. (finish)
V. 感官動詞的被動式 S + see/ watch/ look at/ hear/ listen to + O + P. P. S + be + seen/ watched/ looked at/ heard/ listened to + to V |
Ex: I saw my brother wash the car.
= I saw the car _________ by my brother.
= My brother _________________ the car by me.
Ex: He heard Mary play the piano.
= He heard the piano ___________ by Mary.
= Mary __________________ the piano by him.
VI. 使役動詞的被動式 S + have/ make + O + P. P. S + let + O + be + P. P. S + be + made + to V |
Ex: Mary made George wash the dog.
= Mary made the dog ____________ by George.
= George __________________ the dog.
Ex: Cherry let Rain wash her clothes.
= Cherry let her clothes ____________ by Rain.
VII. 不定詞與動名詞被動 不定詞被動：to be + P. P. 動名詞被動：being + P. P. |
Ex: The car need to _______________ next month. (fix)
Ex: I don’t enjoy _______________ to dinner by a bald man. (invite)
VIII. 祈使句的被動式 (肯定) Let + O + be + P. P. (否定) Let + O + not be + P. P. Don’t let + O + be + P. P. |
Ex: Open the door right now.
= Let the door ___________ right now.
Ex: Don’t close the door right now.
= Let the door __________ right now.
= ______ let the door __________ right now.
IX. 動詞片頭改成被動式 People listened to the important game on the radio. = The important game was listened to on the radio. 常見的動詞片語： look after (照顧) put up with (忍受) put off (延期) make up for (補償) laugh at (嘲笑) take care of (照顧) rely on (信賴) look down on (鄙視) |
Ex: Jay laughed at Jolin.
= Jolin __________________ by Jay.
Ex: Zhiling took care of the children.
=The children __________________ by Zhiling.
X. 被動語態的介系詞可用別的介系詞代替： A. bored (無聊) astonished (驚訝) S+ be surprised at (驚奇) shocked (震驚) disappointed (失望) Interested (興趣) |
Ex: I am interested _____ English.
Ex: I was shocked _____ this news.
Ex: I felt bored _____ this movie.
B. devoted to (致力於) S + be known to (被熟知) married to (結婚) used to (習慣於) caught in (陷入) equipped with (裝備) |
Ex: Hebe is adapted _____ this new environment.
Ella was dressed ______ a very beautiful dress last night.
This bottle was filled _____ water.
XI. 客觀說法或沒有明確主詞，常以被動式表示 It is said/ believed/ reported/ thought/ expect/ suggested….. that … S + is said + to V (表現在) S + is said + to have P.P. (表過去) |
Ex: People say Rain is coming to Taiwan.
= It ____________ that Rain is coming to Taiwan.
= Rain is said _________________.
Ex: People believe that he was killed.
= It ____________ that he was killed.
= He is believed ________________.
XII. 有些動詞(片語)不能用被動式 A. take place/ happen/ occur (發生) B. Belong to (屬於) , break out (發生) C. 連綴動詞: look, feel taste, smell, remain |
Ex: The basketball game _________ (take place) in the gym yesterday.
Ex: This book __________ (belong to) me.
Ex: The cake ___________ (taste) great.
XIII. 非所有及物動詞都有被動式: cost (花費), last(持續), resemble (像), have (有) |
Ex: This car _________ (cost) five million dollars.
E: Jolin ___________ (resemble) her father.
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Teaching Activity (3)